Two Diseases Caused by Melanin Alteration: Vitiligo and Melasma

The appearance of spots on the epidermis may be linked to certain diseases caused by alterations in melanin, leading to skin discoloration disorders. The best thing to do to eliminate any doubts when noticing the presence of spots on the skin is to consult a professional.

At the Dermacademy Institute in Pisa, led by Dr. Menchini, it is possible to request a consultation with a specialized dermatologist who will evaluate the situation using advanced state-of-the-art equipment. These conditions are usually divided into hyperpigmentation disorders, related to the appearance of darker spots compared to the rest of the complexion, such as melasma, or hypopigmentation disorders, associated with the presence of lighter areas, as in the case of vitiligo.

Let us therefore clarify the differences between these two distinct skin disorders.

What Is Vitiligo?

Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by the appearance of white patches on the skin surface, caused by a lack of melanin in those areas of the skin (hypopigmentation) due to an autoimmune process. Melanin is produced by a specific skin cell called the melanocyte: this cell is attacked by the immune system, and its destruction leads to a lack of melanin, resulting in the formation of white patches.

It is a condition that is neither infectious nor contagious and affects both sexes without significant differences. The typical vitiligo patches may appear at any age and tend to concentrate in certain areas of the body such as the face, extremities (hands and feet), and genitals.

Treating vitiligo is possible. After a long research journey, Dr. Giovanni Menchini developed an effective therapeutic protocol capable of counteracting the appearance of the characteristic patches of vitiligo.

Thus was born the Controfasico Protocol, an innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of vitiligo.

What Is Melasma?

Melasma is a disorder related to skin hyperpigmentation. This skin imperfection mainly affects women and is characterized by the appearance of dark spots of varying size, usually located on the face. This condition tends to worsen with sun exposure.

Hormonal imbalances occurring throughout a woman’s life are believed to be one of the main triggering causes. However, it should be specified that this condition may also occur in men. In addition to hormonal imbalances, other possible causes include genetic factors, UV exposure, endocrine disorders, and the use of certain medications.

It is a non-contagious condition that does not cause particular health damage.

No definitive therapies have yet been developed to cure melasma permanently, but there are treatments that help reduce dark spots or prevent their appearance. This imperfection may fade on its own or persist for a long time. In such cases, treatment with depigmenting products or chemical peels may be recommended under the supervision of a dermatologist.